Ethics in Science Research - Topic Citations

Topic ID: 10

Every citation has two independent 0-100 scores. The source Reliability score rates the general reliability of the outlet itself, regardless of the specific claim, based on an eight-tier scale running from primary government and international scientific bodies (CDC, WHO, NASA, IPCC) at the top, through peer-reviewed journals, wire services, mainstream science journalism, and advocacy organizations, down to tertiary references like Wikipedia and unverifiable or absent sources at the bottom.

The Accuracy score, by contrast, rates how well a specific citation supports topic statements — a citation from an excellent source can score low if misapplied or can score high if it precisely backs up topic statements.

Core Ethical Principles in Research (Likely Primary Source)

Dual-Use Research of Concern

Institutional Oversight (IRBs, Ethics Committees)

Expanding Ethical Landscape (Genomics, AI)

Core Ethical Principles in Research

Data Fabrication, Plagiarism & Conflicts of Interest