Critical Thinking Versus the Scientific Method - Topic Citations
Topic ID: 113
Every citation has two independent 0-100 scores. The source Reliability score rates the general reliability of the outlet itself, regardless of the specific claim, based on an eight-tier scale running from primary government and international scientific bodies (CDC, WHO, NASA, IPCC) at the top, through peer-reviewed journals, wire services, mainstream science journalism, and advocacy organizations, down to tertiary references like Wikipedia and unverifiable or absent sources at the bottom.
The Accuracy score, by contrast, rates how well a specific citation supports topic statements — a citation from an excellent source can score low if misapplied or can score high if it precisely backs up topic statements.
Critical Thinking Defined
- WikipediaReliability score: 55 | Accuracy score: 85
- WikipediaReliability score: 55 | Accuracy score: 85
- Internet Encyclopedia of PhilosophyReliability score: 83 | Accuracy score: 87
- Internet Encyclopedia of PhilosophyReliability score: 83 | Accuracy score: 87
Scientific Method - Replication & Reproducibility
- WikipediaReliability score: 55 | Accuracy score: 78
- WikipediaReliability score: 55 | Accuracy score: 78
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineReliability score: 93 | Accuracy score: 89
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineReliability score: 93 | Accuracy score: 89
Critical Thinking vs. Scientific Method Distinction
- Danchin, A. (2023), Microbial BiotechnologyReliability score: 87 | Accuracy score: 88
- Danchin, A. (2023), Microbial BiotechnologyReliability score: 87 | Accuracy score: 88
- Stephen Clouse (Medium, Extra Newsfeed)Reliability score: 35 | Accuracy score: 70
- Stephen Clouse (Medium, Extra Newsfeed)Reliability score: 35 | Accuracy score: 70
Scientific Method - Variation Across Disciplines
- Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyReliability score: 90 | Accuracy score: 90
- Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyReliability score: 90 | Accuracy score: 90
Scientific Method - Peer Review
- University of California Museum of Paleontology / Understanding ScienceReliability score: 82 | Accuracy score: 88
- University of California Museum of Paleontology / Understanding ScienceReliability score: 82 | Accuracy score: 88