Glossary
Partial-word, boolean (AND, OR, NOT) and "exact phrase" searches are supported.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeopathy | Homeopathy is a 200-year-old alternative medical system based on "like cures like" (treating symptoms with highly diluted substances) and "minimum dose". Alternative Medicine |
| Homeostasis | The tendency for a system to remain in a state of equilibrium by resisting change. Science General |
| Honesty Training | Developers train models to say "I don't know" or express uncertainty rather than guess. They reward accurate answers and penalize confident fabrications during fine-tuning, including reinforcement learning from human feedback. Artificial Intelligence |
| HPV vaccine | A vaccine that protects against human papillomavirus types that cause cervical, anal, throat, and other cancers, as well as genital warts. It is most effective when given before exposure, ideally at ages 11-12. Vaccines |
| Human in the loop | An approach in which people review, approve, or correct an AI system's decisions rather than letting it act entirely on its own. Artificial Intelligence |
| Humoral Immunity | Humoral immunity is an antibody-mediated adaptive immune response targeting extracellular pathogens (bacteria, toxins) in bodily fluids ("humors"). It involves B-cell maturation into plasma cells that secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins) to neutralize or eliminate antigens, often activating the complement system, contrasting with cell-mediated immunity. Vaccines |
| Hydrocarbons | Substances containing only hydrogen and carbon. Fossil fuels are made up of hydrocarbons. Climate Change |
| Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) | Synthetic gases used mainly in refrigeration and air conditioning that are powerful greenhouse gases. The 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol phases down their use. Climate Change |
| Hydrologic Cycle | The process of evaporation, vertical and horizontal transport of vapor, condensation, precipitation, and the flow of water from continents to oceans. It is a major factor in determining climate through its influence on surface vegetation, the clouds, snow and ice, and soil moisture. Climate Change |
| Hydrosphere | The component of the climate system comprising liquid surface and subterranean water, such as: oceans, seas, rivers, fresh water lakes, underground water etc. Climate Change |