Glossary
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geocentrism | The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe. Antiscience |
| Geoengineering | Deliberate large-scale intervention in the climate system to counter warming, including carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation modification. Some approaches carry significant risks and governance challenges. Climate Change |
| Geologic time scale | A system that divides Earth's 4.5-billion-year history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. Science General |
| Geology | The study of Earth's rocks, minerals, structure, and the processes that shape it. Science General |
| Geosphere | The soils, sediments, and rock layers of the Earth's crust, both continental and beneath the ocean floors. Climate Change |
| Germ theory | The well-established theory that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. Science General |
| Germinal center | A site in lymph nodes where B cells multiply, refine their antibodies, and become memory cells or long-lived plasma cells after infection or vaccination. Vaccines |
| Gish Gallop | A disingenuous debate tactic where one person overwhelms an opponent by rapid-firing a massive volume of weak, misleading, or false arguments. The goal is to leave the opponent unable to address every single point due to time constraints, creating the illusion that the galloper is winning. Antiscience |
| Glacial retreat | The shrinking of glaciers as melting exceeds snowfall. Most of the world's glaciers are retreating, contributing to sea-level rise and threatening water supplies in some regions. Climate Change |
| Global stocktake | A process under the Paris Agreement, held every five years, to assess collective progress toward the agreement's goals and inform countries' next climate pledges. The first concluded in 2023. Climate Change |