Glossary
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Relative Risk vs. Absolute Risk | Relative risk compares risk between groups (e.g. 'doubles the risk'); absolute risk gives the actual chance (e.g. from 1 in 10,000 to 2 in 10,000). Reporting only relative risk can exaggerate harms or benefits. Science General |
| Renewable Energy | Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, hydro and geothermal. Climate Change |
| Replicability | The repetition of a study using the same methods to verify if the original findings are reliable and reproducible. Science General |
| Replication | Repeating a study, usually with new data, to see whether its results hold. Successful replication increases confidence in a finding. Science General |
| Replication Crisis | The discovery, especially in psychology and medicine, that many published findings could not be reproduced by independent researchers, prompting reforms in research practice. Public Trust |
| Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) | A set of greenhouse gas concentration scenarios used in earlier IPCC reports, named after the radiative forcing they reach by 2100 (for example RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Climate Change |
| Representative sample | A sample whose characteristics closely match those of the population it is drawn from. Science General |
| Reproducibility | The ability to obtain the same results when an analysis is repeated using the same data and methods. Science General |
| Research ethics | The principles guiding responsible research, including honesty, informed consent, protection of participants, and humane treatment of animals. Science General |
| Resilience | The ability of a system to absorb disturbance, reorganize, and continue functioning. See climate resilience. Climate Change |