Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Training Data | The text, images or other material an AI model learns from. Its gaps, errors and biases are reflected in the model's output. Artificial Intelligence |
| Transgenic Organism | Organisms that have had genes from other species inserted into their genome. Transgenic means that one or more DNA sequences from another species have been introduced by artificial means. Transgenic plants can be made by introducing foreign DNA into a variety of different tissues. Genetics |
| Transitional Fossil | A fossil showing features intermediate between an ancestral group and its descendants, such as Tiktaalik (fish to tetrapod) or Archaeopteryx (dinosaur to bird). Evolution |
| Triangulation | Utilizing a wide variety of different sources to verify a specific piece of information. Science General |
| Tribal Epistemology | A modern political phenomenon where people evaluate information based on whether it aligns with their in-group's values rather than objective evidence. Antiscience |
| Troposphere | The lowest part of the atmosphere from the surface to about 10 km in altitude in mid-latitudes (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) where clouds and "weather" phenomena occur. Climate Change Denial |
| Truth Sandwich | A correction technique: state the truth first, briefly describe the falsehood, then return to the truth, so the myth is not the most memorable part. Antiscience |
| Type 1 Error | Occurs when you reject the null hypothesis, but it was actually true. If you perform the t-test and set p < 0.05, there is less than a 5% chance you could make a Type I error by rejecting the hypothesis based on random fluctuations in the data. Science General |
| Type 2 Error | Occurs when you accept the null hypothesis, but it was actually false. The experimental conditions had an effect, but the researcher failed to find it statistically significant. Science General |
| Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) | The energy range just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. Although ultraviolet radiation constitutes only about 5 percent of the total energy emitted from the sun, it is the major energy source for the stratosphere and mesosphere, playing a dominant role in both energy balance and chemical composition. Climate Change Denial |